From 2537506b00f7bc24793d6dc29c24640a4a92fc90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dreat Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2025 11:19:41 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] next batch of Korean notes --- _notes/Korean grammar.md | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/_notes/Korean grammar.md b/_notes/Korean grammar.md index 378d880..64357be 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean grammar.md +++ b/_notes/Korean grammar.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ title: Korean grammar
  • If/in case
  • Still/already
  • Someone/Something/Somewhere/Someday
  • -
  • Imprerative
  • +
  • Imperative
  • Have to/Should/Must
  • Method/way
  • All/more
  • @@ -43,12 +43,14 @@ title: Korean grammar
  • Approximately, About
  • Before noun
  • Before verb
  • +
  • After
  • Plural marker
  • But still, nevertheless
  • To look like/To seem like
  • Making Adjectives
  • Well then, In that case, if so
  • Let's
  • +
  • In order to, For the sake of
  • @@ -291,6 +293,18 @@ Only + verb 1. verb in noun form 2. add -만 하다 +- 밖에 = literally outside something, _other than something_, out of range of something + +`Noun + -밖에 + negative conjugations` + +아침에는 커피밖에 안 마셔요 (I drink nothing but coffee in the morning) + +in general -만 and -밖에 are interchangeable, but +1. You need negative form with -밖에 +2. -밖에 is used more +3. -밖에 cannot be used with imperative sentences +4. When verb has a negative meaning, -만 is more commonly used (저는 닭고기만 싫어해요 = I only hate chicken) + ### Irregulars {#irregulars} |ends with|change| @@ -445,6 +459,23 @@ example: 공원에 가고 책을 읽었어요 -> I went to the park and I read 1. according to -> -에 따라(서) (뉴스에 따라서 오늘 비가 올 거예요 -> According to the news, it will rain today.) 2. for example -> 예를 들어서 (예를 들어서 이렇게 할 수 있어요 -> For example, you can do like this) +#### -아/어/여도 +same meaning as "그래도" (but still, nevertheless) + +#### -는/은/ㄴ데 +1. -는데 is used after action verbs (ㄹ is dropped), after 있다/없다, and after -았 or -겠 +2. -은데 is used after descriptive verbs with have a final consonant in the verb stem, exepct for the consonant ㄹ +3. -ㄴ데 is used after descriptive verbs with end in a vowel or ㄹ (ㄹ is dropped) and after 이다 and 아니다 + +This ending has a diverse meaning +1. Explaining the background or the situation before making a suggestions/request/question -> 내일 일요일인데, 뭐 할 거예요? (It is Sunday tomorrow, what are you going to do?) +2. Explaining the situation first before explaining what has happened -> 어제 자고 있었는데, 한국에서 전화가 왔어요 (I was sleeping + 는데 + I got phone call from Korea) +3. Showing a result or situation which is contrasting to the previous action or situation -> 아직 9시인데 벌써 졸려요 (it is still 9 o'clock, but I am already sleepy) +4. As 3, but second part can be omitted for implied meaning (bit sassy) -> 준비 많이 했는데(요)... +5. Showing surprise or exclamation -> 멋있는데(요)! (Oh, that is cool!) +6. Asking a question (expecting some explanation about a situation or behaviour) -> 지금 어디에 있는데(요)? (So where are you now?) +7. Expecting an answer or a response -> 지금(요)? 지금 바쁜데(요)... (Now? I am busy now, so...) + ### Shall we?/I wonder... {#shallweiwonder} -(으)ㄹ 까요? @@ -490,6 +521,22 @@ change verb into noun (-기 form) + 전에 공부 하기 전에 먹으세요 - eat before you study +### After {#after} + +다음에, 후에, 뒤에 + +after -ing +- -(으)ㄴ + 다음에 +- -(으)ㄴ + 후에 +- -(으)ㄴ + 뒤에 + +to go home = 집에 가다 + +after going home: +1. 집에 간 다음에 +2. 집에 간 후에 +3. 집에 간 뒤에 + ### Plural marker {#pluralmarker} noun + 들 @@ -610,3 +657,16 @@ A few different ways to say `let's` in Korean 3. -자 (informal) 4. -(으)ㄹ래요? (polite/casual) 5. -(으)실래요? (polite/formal) + + +### In order to, For the sake of {#inorderto} + +위해, 위해서 = in order, for + +위하다 => 위해 (위하여) / 위해서 (위하여서) + +noun + -을/를 위해서 +- 건강을 위해(서) = for health/for the sake of health/in order to be healthy +- 회사를 위해(서) = for the company/for the good of the company + +"위해(서)" in a sentence sounds very formal. In casual, spoken conversation -(으)려고 or 위한 is used \ No newline at end of file