From 72f31d2a62fb8a2aee0e1416290e40b8af242274 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dreat Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] next batch of korean notes --- _notes/Korean grammar.md | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++- _notes/Korean phrases.md | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/_notes/Korean grammar.md b/_notes/Korean grammar.md index ab580a0..98359d3 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean grammar.md +++ b/_notes/Korean grammar.md @@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ title: Korean grammar
  • -네요 verb ending
  • The more..., the more ...
  • -지(요)
    • +
  • It's okay to / You don't have to +
    • +
  • You shouldn't / You're not supposed to +
    • @@ -850,4 +854,33 @@ it's a verb ending that subtly changes meaning. Use it when 4. (as interrogative/question ending) you know about something, and you are **asking yourself to confirm** the fact. In this case, do not use 존댓말 5. (as interrogative/question ending) you do not know something, so you are asking yourself a question. **Usually you are thinking out loud and asking the other people around you at the same time**. 반말 is used in this case as well. -When speaking in 존댓말, the verb ending -지요 often changes to -죠 for simplicity and ease of pronunciation. \ No newline at end of file +When speaking in 존댓말, the verb ending -지요 often changes to -죠 for simplicity and ease of pronunciation. + + +### It's okay to / You don't have to {#itsokay} + +`-아/어/여도 되다` + +`되다` means "to function", "to be possible" or "can do" + +1. to turn on, to switch on -> 켜다 +2. it is okay to turn... on, it is okay even if you switch...on -> 켜도 되다 +3. it is okay. you can turn it on -> 켜도 돼요 +4. you can turn the light on -> 불을 켜도 돼요 +5. you can turn the computer on -> 컴퓨터를 켜도 돼요 + + +1. to do -> 하다 +2. it is okay to do / it is okay even if you do -> 해도 되다 +3. it is okay if you do it tomorrow / you can just do it tomorrow -> 내일 해도 돼요 +4. is it okay if I do it tomorrow? -> 내일 해도 돼요? + +To say "do not have to" or "it is not necessary to" add `안` before whole verb[^1] + +### You shouldn't / You're not supposed to {#shouldnot} + +`-(으)면 안 돼요` + + + +[^1]: 해도 돼요 <-> 안 해도 돼요 diff --git a/_notes/Korean phrases.md b/_notes/Korean phrases.md index bd587e9..770a72d 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean phrases.md +++ b/_notes/Korean phrases.md @@ -267,6 +267,43 @@ _(with verbs)_ - to see, to meet (honorific) = 뷥다 +### 당신 (you) + +Use with caution in real life conversations - "you" is rarely used, especially when speaking 존댓말 or more format language. + +Uses of `당신` + +1. you are **angry at someone** and do not mind fighting or arguing with that person + 1. 당신 뭐야? / 너 뭐야? = who do you think you are? what are you? + 2. 당신 뭐가 문제야? / 너 뭐가 문제야? = what is your problem? +2. you are **translating a foreign language** and you absolutely must have *a word for "you"* +3. you are **writing or singing a song**, or using indirect language in general + 1. (both 2 and 3) + 2. 당신의 눈은 참 아름다워요 = your eyes are so beautiful + 3. 당신에게 이 노래를 바칩니다 = I dedicate this song to you +4. you are addressing your spouse (commonly used among middle-aged or older people)[^1] + 1. 당신 지금 어디예요? = honey, where are you? + 2. 당신 지금 어디야? = honey, where are you? +5. (rare case) you are talking about someone (**who is not present**) in an honorific way and *want to say "he" or "she"* + +### 괜찮아요 + +1. Present tense = 괜찮아요 +2. Past tense = 괜찮았어요 +3. Future tense = 괜찮을 거예요 + +uses: + +1. I am okay / I am alright / Everything is fine [^4] +2. Do not worry [^5] +3. It is good [^6] +4. I'm good / I'm cool/ No, thanks [^7] + +### Slang + +- 맞을래? - do you want to be hit? [^8] +- 죽을래? - do you want to die? [^8] + ### Word builder #### 학 @@ -303,4 +340,30 @@ _(with verbs)_ 회의 (meet) + 실 = 회의실 = meeting room, conference room 실 + 장 (head, leader) = 실장 = head of the office 실 + 내 (inside) = 실내 = indoors -실 + 외 (outside) = 실외 = outdoors, outside \ No newline at end of file +실 + 외 (outside) = 실외 = outdoors, outside + +[^1]: other words that can replace 당신 in this usage are 여보 (most common) and 자기 (more common among young couples) + +#### 동 + +동 is related to movement, move, to move + +운 (to tranport) + 동 = 운동 = exercise, workout +작 (to make) + 동 = 작동 = operation (of a device) +활 (to flow, to be alive) + 동 = 활동 = activity[^2] +연 (to connect) + 동 = 연동 = linkage, interlocking[^3] +동 + 영(to project) + 상(image) = 동영상 = video + +[^2]: 온라인 활동 = online activities + +[^3]: ex: 페이스복 연동 + +[^4]: ex You slip and fall and someone asks you if you are alright + +[^5]: ex: your friend is worrying about something and you want to tell them to not worry + +[^6]: you refer to something as "cool", "good" or "recommendable" + +[^7]: your friend offers you a drink and you want to politely refuse it + +[^8]: not literally, used to express annoyance or "don't" in informal way