From de1e3b0de4a3b587c09488bd24d87a198aefe67e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dreat Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:32:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] new batch of Korean notes --- _notes/Korean grammar.md | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ _notes/Korean phrases.md | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/_notes/Korean grammar.md b/_notes/Korean grammar.md index c7fad76..64205f2 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean grammar.md +++ b/_notes/Korean grammar.md @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ title: Korean grammar
  • Among, Between
  • Any
  • Try
    • +
  • Spacing in Korean
    • @@ -1030,3 +1031,54 @@ _important_ in those expressions space is not necessary [^8]: 뉴스 is used for TV/newspaper news, for gossip/news from friends/family 소식 is used [^9]: 더워지다 = to get hot + + +### Spacing in Korean {#spacing} + +`띄어쓰기` + +When writing in Korean, in order to avoid unclear and confusing sentences, spacing is important. + +#### Space between words + +1. an adjective and a noun + 1. a pretty puppy = 예쁜 강아지 + 2. an early bird[^10] = 부지런한 사람 +2. an adverb and a verb + 1. to walk quietly = 조용히 걷다 + 2. to speak fast = 빨리 말하다 / 말 빨리 하다 +3. noun (+marker) and a verb + 1. I bought this = 이거(를) 샀어요 + 2. I made the one = 그거(를) 만들었어요 +4. a noun and another noun + 1. trip to Korea = 한국 여헹 + 2. the cost of a wallet = 지갑 가격 + +#### No space between words + +1. a noun/pronoun and a marker + 1. I + subject marker = 저 + 는 = 저는 + 2. I + object marker = 저 + 를 = 저를 +2. noun in a proper name + 1. Korea Tourism Organisation = 한국-관광-공사 + 2. Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation = 서울-도시-철도-공사 + 3. Samsung card = 삼성-카드 +3. words which form fixed expression can be written together without space[^11] + 1. Family photo - 가족 + 사진 = 가족사진 + 2. this thing - 이것 +4. noun + 하다[^12][^13] + 1. 공부(를) 하다 = 공부 하다 = 공부하다 + 2. 운동(을) 하다 = 운동 하다 = 운동하다 + 3. 청소(를) 하다 = 청소 하다 = 청소하다 + + + + + +[^10]: in Korean - a hardworking person + +[^11]: commonly found in sino-Korean words + +[^12]: does not work for descriptive verbs, for example 이상 하다 + +[^13]: also works work noun + 있다 (맛있다); when split, marker is needed (맛**이** 있다 / 재미**가** 있다) diff --git a/_notes/Korean phrases.md b/_notes/Korean phrases.md index bbe64f7..1531e62 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean phrases.md +++ b/_notes/Korean phrases.md @@ -191,15 +191,16 @@ from most to least formal ### In front of/Behind/etc -앞 = front -뒤 = back -옆 = side -위 = top -밑, 아래 = bottom +- 앞 = front +- 뒤 = back +- 옆 = side +- 위 = top +- 밑, 아래 = bottom ### to be alike/the same 같다 = to be like + noun + (이)랑 = to be the same _(with verbs)_ @@ -304,6 +305,32 @@ uses: - 맞을래? - do you want to be hit? [^8] - 죽을래? - do you want to die? [^8] +### Sometimes, Often, Always, Seldom, Never, Almost + +Usually they go right before the verb, but their position is very flexible. As long as the meaning of the sentence is clear, it does not matter where they are placed, **but** certain part of a sentence can be emphasized. + +- 가끔 - sometimes +- 자주 - often + +- 항상 - always +- 맨날 - (lit. every day) all the time, always[^13] +- 매일 - every day + +- 별로 - seldom, rarely, not much +- 전혀 = not at all +- 거의 = almost (but) not at all[^14] + +### Word contractions + +Used to make speech faster. If used in text - very informal + +- 저는 -> 전[^15] +- 나는 -> 난 +- 우리는 -> 우린 +- 이것은 (v formal) -> 이거는 (casual) -> 이건 (casual) +- 서울에는 -> 서울엔 +- 어제는 -> 어젠 + ### Word builder #### 학 @@ -385,7 +412,7 @@ uses: - 불 (not) + 안 (comfortable) = 불안 = anxiety, anxious[^12] - 불안하다 >> action >> 불안하 + 아/어/여하다 = 불안해하다 - 불안해하지 마세요 = Don't be anxious -- 불 (not) + 편 (comfortable, convenient) = 불편 = invonvenient, uncomfortable +- 불 (not) + 편 (comfortable, convenient) = 불편 = inconvenient, uncomfortable - 불 (not) + 완전 (complete) = 불완전 = incomplete - 불 (not) + 균형 (balance) = 불균형 = imbalance - 불 (not) + 만 (full) = 불만 = complaint[^9][^10] @@ -402,3 +429,9 @@ uses: [^11]: 불 is pronounced and written as 부 when the consonant that follis is ㄷ or ㅈ [^12]: can also mean `unstable` for example 불안해요 = It doesn't look stable + +[^13]: more common in spoken + +[^14]: can join other words for different meanings, e.g.: 거의 맨날 = almost every day + +[^15]: warning! also a pancake